You have a lot of historical gaps in your information.
The reason plantation owners resorted to "breeding farms" was because Thomas Jefferson promoted and got passed the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves. Before slavery, southern states had relied on indentured servants, but after Bacon's Rebellion, the southern elite saw that bringing over so many poor white people created a dangerous "underclass" of white people (many of their descendants live in Appalachia today), who could threaten their way of life. And so, they resorted to chattel slavery.
So, the southern plantation owners found all their historical sources of "labor" cut off and so, while the Federal government could legally regulate international trade (and thus slavery importation), it had no control over intrastate trade and so "breeding farms" emerged.
Concurrent with the ban against importing slaves, the demand for labor exploded.
First, the cotton gin was invented in the 1790s. This opened up vast tracks of land not suitable for other crops but suitable for cotton. In addition, the Louisiana Purchase by Jefferson doubled the size of the US and open vast tracks of land to "white" people both large plantations and small farms.
Free whites moved west to work their own farms and so the plantation owners tragically embraced slavery as the solution to their labor shortages. This is not an excuse regarding slavery, but highlights the conflict between the nation as a whole which had tried to eliminate various means of human bondage with the actions of southern states controlled by plantation owners, who saw slavery as essential to their way of life. Eventually, with the election of Lincoln the "divided House" could not stand and luckily the South seceded.
This provided the northern states the ability to pass the 13th and 14th Amendment since they did not have to contend with southern states votes.
I do think it is important to study the history of slavery from an economic and social perspective. Economically, the North did not depend on slavery and as 18th century liberals saw liberty as a human right. From the beginning the North kept looking for ways to end slavery as an immoral practice.
The South was dependent on slavery and so came up with a moral justification of it. The history of "bondage" is the US goes beyond the African slave experience, but clearly impacted African Americans to a far greater degree than other groups.
One important lesson that we seem to keep forgetting is that without "identity group" politics slavery cannot survive. You need a basis to discriminate against a "group" of people. Whites saw the ability to dehumanize Africans and Native Americans because the world was segregated. Antisemitism is another example of dehumanizing people. It is sad, that history teaches that people who were once victims of identity politics are willing to engage in it, when it is to their advantage.
