You don't get it... If a company shows a pattern that suggests racism, it is against the law. I fully support those laws and judgements against companies that exercise racial bias.

But racial bias can work against blacks and in favor of blacks... by definition bias means not hiring the best person for the job or accepting the top candidate due to skin color. When that discrimination is in pursuit of a "social goal", we call it affirmative action... but it is still racial bias.

Now let's look at just one interesting example... Spend a little time looking at the GPA and MCAT scores by race/ethnicity of students accepted into medical school.

https://www.shemmassianconsulting.com/blog/medical-school-acceptance-rates-by-race#:~:text=The%20average%20stats%20among%20matriculants%20from%20the%20largest,4%20White%3A%20Total%20MCAT%3A%20512.4%20Total%20GPA%3A%203.80

Notice, Asians have an average Total MCAT score of 509.1, whites 507, and Blacks 497.5.

Now look at GPA total. Asians need 3.70, Whites need 3.70 and Blacks 3.39.

Even with intentional discrimination in favor of blacks, blacks are admitted at a lower percentage and lower rates vs the black population at large. Even discriminating against Asians requiring them to have higher MCAT scores and GPAs because of their "skin color", they are admitted at three times their population percentage at large. So, in this interesting case, Asians are discriminated against, blacks benefit from racial discrimination.

These scores are very predictive of academic achievement in medical school, which is why they are used.

I think you misunderstand the outcome. I don't think medical schools are willing to lower their standards to accept "unqualified" blacks, But I am saying they are "less qualified" blacks, who are only accepted because of their skin color.

But those differences in ability don't get totally fixed in medical school. Because everyone takes the same medical boards to become a doctor, some of those students allowed into medical school don't become doctors. And this is where blacks disproportionately fail to get through (which is a disaster to the black students who incurred large debts and society that is short doctors).

But those that pass their medical boards are "good enough" to be doctors. But as the physicians in the various medical groups, I managed (I ran physician groups of over 400 physicians) always said, remember 50% of doctors graduated in the bottom half of their class.

I employed over 400 physicians including a large number of black doctors. We did not discriminate in favor or against black doctors. The result was our black doctors were just as good as our white ones, but they also proportionately underrepresented relative to the population as a whole.

To be clear, some black doctors are in the top of their class, but on average they are not. So, since you don't have access to their grades or relative abilities, how do you select a doctor?

Interesting before running physician groups, I was CFO of one of the largest Medicare contractors in the country. We did a demonstration project for CMS (the government agency over Medicare), that could determine your chances of a positive medical outcome based on your health, the doctor, and the facility where you were being treated. The government decided not to allow this information to be made available to the public (given the shortage of physicians telling people who the best doctors were, would only make it worse).

However, we used less precise but similar approaches when hiring doctors for the groups I operated. We had a medical director do a thorough analysis of their medical history including malpractice claims and if you had one of our black physicians, you could be assured that their medical skills were among the best (the personality fit would depend on you and the physician).

But what happens to the "bad" doctors? They typically end up in rural areas, inner city areas, or in solo or small groups, because where patients have no basis of comparison and where an "available doctor" is better than no doctor. As I said, I am not saying these doctors are not "unqualified", but on average they are less qualified. I am saying nothing about your doctor, she might be great... she might be terrible... but how would you know? In the past, I knew.

When my youngest two children were born, I picked the best OB/GYN among our 50. She happened to be a female Hispanic doctor. Her gender and race did not matter, what mattered is she was the best. But that does not mean the average Hispanic female doctor is better than the average male Asian doctor, statistics bear that out.

And that gets to one of the problems with quotas. I can't tell you how often patients who knew that Asian and Jewish doctors on average had to be better to get into medical school, wanted an Asian or Jewish doctor.

Which is sad, because the black doctor that was not a "quota admission" gets painted with the same brush as the black doctor who was.

There are three important questions regarding race each individual needs to decide for themselves.

Do you believe systemic racism is okay to fix problems in the past or achieve equity outcomes?

If you do believe systemic racism is okay, how far should it go? Should you lower the standards for a position until you achieve equitable outcomes or set a minimum below which you simply won't hire someone based on race no matter how inequitable the outcomes (this seems to be the approach used by medical schools).

If you don't believe in systemic racism to fix past racism or address equitable outcomes based on skin color, how do you insure you are using "merit" to hire and more importantly, how do you address problems in our educational system... in simple terms, why are Asians crushing it against other racial groups regardless of family income level.

You seem to be fixated on "white male doctors" but you might be gratified to know statistically, white male doctors are only marginally underrepresented in medical school. In fact, Asians in spite of being discriminated against are so overrepresented, that every other group in underrepresented.

Meanwhile, white women are very slightly overrepresented relative to white men, do you think we should fix that... even if white women deserve to be overrepresented based on their academic achievements? What if it gets worse?

https://www.aamc.org/news/press-releases/majority-us-medical-students-are-women-new-data-show

With four daughters half mixed race and seven grandchildren, five of whom are mixed race African Americans, I believe in feminism and racial equality. But feminism in my definition is women have an equal opportunity to compete for job or other opportunity. Racial equality is based on the same principle. Quotas are not about equal opportunity, instead they try to manage "outcomes". That seems unfair since more qualified woman in the future and Asian presently are being discriminated against based on their gender and their skin color.