Where did you say you studied Judaism? I am not Jewish, but did study Judaism in college along with every other religion when I was a religious studies major? I did my senior thesis in college on a Hasidic Jewish community in Richmond, VA.

What makes Judaism somewhat unique is that among religions, it makes almost no effort to evangelize. It pretty much ignores the world and wants to be left alone. And frankly, they don't care what you believe, just let them practice among themselves what they believe... one of those beliefs is that God gave Israel to them.

Unlike Christianity, Judaism does not believe in "turning the other check" but rather in an eye for an eye justice. It does have many laws with defined punishments.

While the punishment may seem harsh, they acted to prevent violence between people, since justice came from application of the law and its proscribed punishment and the violence anarchy causes.

Judaism is both a religion and way of life.

Many Jews today reject the religion but still practice the "way of life".

Not sure where you think Judaism requires that you love your neighbor, that was Jesus. A more apt statement, would Judaism demand you respect your neighbor, not necessarily love him or her, and definitely do not envy what they have.

There are two primary theories regarding the origins of religions. One belief is that religions represent the institutionalization of values and behaviors by a society. Without religion advanced civilizations could not have evolved and so every early civilization was marked by it embrace of a religion. Another belief is that God actually proscribed those values and behaviors.

Regardless of which of those beliefs you hold, it would seem natural that religions borrowed from one another, simply because the concept made society work or God said it.