Everything is relative when it comes to the Jews. The Jews were discriminated against in the Ottoman Empire, but this did not take the form of persecution like it did in various European countries during the same time period. So relatively speaking, they did "pretty well".

Before Islam, Israel was largely populated by Jews, Christians, and Samaritans. Then over the centuries, except for the Samaritans, who were forcibly converted to Islam, the Jews and Christians fled as they were disenfranchised and replace by various Muslim refugees including from Egypt, Arab populated areas, Turkey, and European Muslims including people from Albania and Bosnia.

Because this happened over hundreds of years and not suddenly, there is a tendency to overlook the fact that the Jews who were once "owners" of the land, ended up without owning hardly any land.

As a result, the Jewish population of an area they once dominated shrunk to 3-4% of the population, even though conversion was rare among the Jews.

A side note, you might find interesting is that most religions embrace holy times and/or holy places. Judaism relies on both. Jews away from Israel observe holy "times" including the Sabbath and the various Jewish holidays... but Israel has always been God's gift to the Abraham and the Jews in the minds of most religious Jews.

Muslims likewise embrace holy times including Islamic holidays and prayer times, but also Holy places like Mecca. And so, if the Muslims ever lost Mecca, they would be forever attempting to recapture it.

Christianity is somewhat unique, it is not tied to "places" and instead tied to time only... including Sunday, Easter, Christmas. This allowed Christianity to spread throughout the world easily. However, this transition did not happen all at once, the early Catholic church tried to establish Rome as a "holy place" but while it remains an important location for Catholics, it does not have special meaning within the religion.